助動詞 should、must
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翰林 八下 Unit 4
助動詞 should、must
助動詞 should、must
文法
文法摘要
should 表示建議或較輕的義務;shouldn't 表示不建議
must 表示強烈義務或規定;mustn't 表示嚴格禁止
should/must 後接動詞原形,不加 to,也不加 -s
疑問句:Should/Must + 主詞 + 動詞原形...?;回答用 should/shouldn't、must/mustn't
易混淆:must 與 have to、should 與 had better 語氣與用法不同
基本公式
主詞 + should + 動詞原形 (+ 受詞/補語)
提出建議或認為正確的做法
範例:
You should drink more water.
你應該多喝水。
主詞 + should not (shouldn't) + 動詞原形 (+ 受詞/補語)
表達不建議
範例:
You shouldn't stay up late.
你不應該熬夜。
Should + 主詞 + 動詞原形 (+ 受詞/補語)...?
徵求意見或提出建議的問句
範例:
Should we bring snacks?
我們應該帶點心嗎?
主詞 + must + 動詞原形 (+ 受詞/補語)
強烈義務、規定或必要
範例:
Students must wear uniforms at school.
學生在學校必須穿制服。
主詞 + must not (mustn't) + 動詞原形
嚴格禁止
範例:
You mustn't touch the painting.
你不可摸那幅畫。
Must + 主詞 + 動詞原形...?
確認規定或必要性的問句
範例:
Must I do my homework now?
我現在必須做功課嗎?
答句公式
Yes, 主詞 + should. / No, 主詞 + shouldn't.
範例:
—Should I bring a jacket? —Yes, you should.
—我應該帶外套嗎?—是的,你應該。
Yes, 主詞 + must. / No, 主詞 + mustn't.
範例:
—Must we be quiet here? —Yes, you must.
—我們在這裡必須安靜嗎?—是的,必須。
常見錯誤
He should to study.
He should study.
should/must 後接動詞原形,不加 to。
She musts finish her homework.
She must finish her homework.
助動詞後的主要動詞用原形;助動詞 must 本身不加 -s。
Do I should go now?
Should I go now?
should/must 直接放句首構成問句,不可再用 do/does/did。
You don't must be late.
You mustn't be late.
must 的否定是 mustn't,不能用 don't must。
You mustn't bring your book if you don't want to.
You don't have to bring your book if you don't want to.
mustn't 表示禁止;don't have to 表示不必。語意不同。
You shouldn't to be noisy.
You shouldn't be noisy.
should/shouldn't 後接動詞原形;表性質可用 be + 形容詞。
相似文法比較
vs. must vs. have to
must 常表內在或強烈義務;have to 多指客觀規定/情況需要,且可用不同時態。
本文法(助動詞 should、must
I must finish this now.
我必須現在完成(語氣很強)。
對比文法(must vs. have to
I have to finish this now.
我得現在完成(因為規定或情況需要)。
vs. should vs. had better
should 是一般建議;had better 帶有警告或不照做會有後果的語氣。
本文法(助動詞 should、must
You should save your money.
你應該存錢。
對比文法(should vs. had better
You'd better save your money.
你最好存錢(不然會有不好的後果)。
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