常見結構:pretty much the same/pretty much done/pretty much everyone
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正式寫作可改用:almost, nearly, virtually, essentially
形式與用法
pretty much
常用來表示「幾乎、差不多」,可修飾整個子句或形容詞/過去分詞(如 ready, done, the same)。位置通常在 be 動詞或助動詞之後(am/is/are/was/were/has/have/can 等之後),或直接接在主詞後;也可放在 everyone/everything/all of + N 前表示「幾乎所有」。語氣偏口語;正式寫作可改用 almost, nearly, virtually, essentially。避免和「pretty + 形容詞(相當、蠻)」或形容詞 pretty(漂亮的)混淆。
範例:
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We pretty much finished our science project last night.
我們昨晚幾乎把自然科專題做完了。
其他形式:
pretty much the same
固定搭配,表示「幾乎一樣」。常用於比較兩個事物的相似度。
範例:
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The new rules are pretty much the same as last year's.
新規則和去年的幾乎一樣。
pretty much done
表示「差不多完成了」。也可替換成 ready/finished 來表達高完成度。
範例:
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I'm pretty much done with my homework.
我的作業差不多做完了。
pretty much everyone/everything
放在 everyone/everything(或 all of + 名詞)前,表示「幾乎所有人/事物」。
範例:
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Pretty much everyone agreed with the plan.
幾乎所有人都同意這個計畫。
常見錯誤
✗
I very much finished my report.
✓
I pretty much finished my report.
very much 不用來表達「幾乎完成」;它多用於情感或態度動詞(如 appreciate/like/enjoy/agree)。表示「幾乎」應用 pretty much(或 almost/nearly)。
✗
They are pretty much same.
✓
They are pretty much the same.
same 通常需要定冠詞 the(the same)。缺少 the 會不自然。
✗
It was almost pretty much the best day.
✓
It was pretty much the best day.
避免重複使用兩個近義程度副詞(almost 與 pretty much),以免語意冗贅。
✗
The dress is pretty much.(想表達「很漂亮」)
✓
The dress is very pretty. / The dress is pretty.
pretty much 表示「幾乎」,不是「很漂亮地」。此處應使用形容詞 pretty(漂亮的)或 very pretty。